Bomb



Patented May 9, 1944 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE BOMB Russell '1. Robertson, New Windsor, Md.

Application September 16, 1942, Serial No. 458,534

1 Claim.

My invention relates to improvements in aerial bombs of the fragmentation type, the principal object in view being to equip such devices inexpensively for exploding above the target, or the ground, as the case may be, to provide for scattering of the fragments overa maximum area.

To the accomplishment of the above, and subordinate objects presently appearing, a preferred embodiment of my invention has been illustrated in the accompanying drawing, set forth in detail in the succeeding description, and defined in the claim appended hereto.

In said drawing:

Figure 1 is a view in side elevation of a bomb equipped according to my invention,

Figure 2 is a similar View partly broken away and shown in section, and

Figure 3 is a view in section of the nose section of the bomb and parts carried thereby.

Referring to the drawing by numerals, my im proved bomb, as shown, comprises an oval, streamlined, hollow body I forming therein a chamber 2 for the explosive charge 3 and embodying a separate detachable nose section 4, and suitable tail fins 5 for stabilizing the bomb in flight.

The nose section 4 is attached by means of a reduced externally threaded rear end shank 5 thereon turned into a suitable socket 6 in said body I communicating with the front end of the chamber 2. An axial through bore 1 is provided in the nose section 4 for a purpose presently seen. A cap anchoring plate 8 is clamped in the rear end of the socket 6 by the shank 5 and which has suitably secured therein a firing cap 9 aligned with the inner end of the bore 1.

Extending axially from the nose section 4 for a substantial distance is an elongated firing rod I having an inner end portion slidably fitted in the bore 1 and provided with a reduced part I I terminating in a head I2, said part II providing a notch I3 in said rod I0 in advance of the head I2. The outer end of the rod II] is equipped with a flared foot I4 for impact with a target or the ground, as the case may be. A coil spring I surrounding the rod III between the nose section 4 and a cross pin I6 extended through the rod urges the latter outwardly of the nose section 4.

The firing rod I0 is limited as to outward movement thereof by means of a detent plug I1 slidably mounted in the reduced inner end of a radial bore I8 provided in the nose section 4, the detent plug being. backed by a spring I9 retained in said bore I8 by a screw plug 20. The detent plug I'I normally fits in the notch I3 with the head I2 of the firing rod bearing against one side thereof.

The operation of the described bomb will be readily understood. As the firing rod contacts the target, or the ground, it is moved inwardly of the nose section 4 so that the head I2 impacts the cap 9 and the latter ignites the explosive charge 3, the spring I5 and pin I6 limiting inward movement of the firing rod so that the body I' is exploded remote from the target or other object against which the foot I4 of said rod I0 strikes.

It will be noted that the nose section 4, firing rod I0, spring I5 and parts carried by the nose section may be detached as a unit for charging the bomb or for use, if not damaged, for replacement purposes.

The foregoing will, it is believed, suflice toimpart a clear understanding of my invention without further explanation.

Manifestly, the invention, as described, is susceptible of modification without departing from the inventive concept, and right is herein reserved to such modifications as fall within the scope of the subjoined claim.

What I claim is:

A bomb of the class described comprising a hollow body forming a charge containing chamber therein, and a detachable nose section axially bored, a firing cap in said body at the inner end of said bore, an elongated firing rod extending forwardly from said nose section and having an inner end slidably mounted in said bore for movement inwardly of the bore under impact against a target to fire said cap, coacting devices in said nose section and on said rod for yieldingly blocking such inward movement of said rod and limiting outward movement thereof, and spring means urging said rod outwardly of said section, said devices comprising a spring pressed detent plug in said nose section and a notch in said rod with which said plug is interlocked, said notch being constructed and arranged to cam the plug out of the same under inward movement of said rod.

RUSSELL T. ROBERTSON.

Patented ay 1944 FUEL COMPOSITION Louis A. Mikeska, Westfleld, and John C. Zimmer and Jones I. Wasson, Union, N. 3., assignors to Standard Oil Development Company, a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Application November 26, 1940, Serial No. 367,230

Claims. (on. 44-62) This invention has to do particularly with protecting hydrocarbon motor fuel compositions from objectionable influences of corrosive impurities and sunlight; by the addition of small but effective quantities of organic compounds characterized by ammonium derivatives of alkyl phenol-formaldehyde-hydrogen halide condensation products.

Liquid hydrocarbon fuels employed in internal combustion engines and burners, even though highly refined, are apt to be contaminated with some corrosive impurities such as sulfuror oxygen-containing compounds, which give rise to a number of dimculties. These impurities are nuisance factors in thecorrosion of metal containers, fuel supply lines and engine parts; they lead to bad engine conditions, to lowering of anti-knock value in a spark ignition engine motor fuel and to certain forms of deterioration in the appearance of the fuel.

The undesirable changes in motor fuel compositions arise from a number of different causes, and it is difilcult to correct for the effects of all causes by any single stabilizing agent. For example, antioxidants have been used to increase the resistance of a fuel to oxidation, which causes change of color and formation of gum. But this correction by itself is not always sufllcient, for it has been found that low boiling hydrocarbon liquids free from gum-forming bodies are subject to discoloration by sunlight and even many of the well-known antioxidants become discolorded by sunlight and tend to make the oil cloudy.

Another form of undesirable change occurring particularly in spark ignition motor fuels is due to the instability of metallo-organic anti-knock addition agents, as for example, lead alkyl antiknock agents, for these compounds have a tendency to decompose and form a precipitate in the fuel, especially when exposed to sunlight or when stored in contact with various metals commonly used in fuel containers.

Still another type of deterioration encountered with hydrocarbon fuel distillates is their discoloration by the action of metals, which action is accentuated when the oils are at elevated temperatures.

An object of the present invention is to provide fuel compositions in which the undesirable effects of corrosive impurities and sunlight are satisfactorily suppressed.

A more specific object is to preserve the clarity and stability of motor fuels containing metalloorganic anti-knock agents with improvement and preservation of the effectiveness of these agents. A further specific object is to confer on the fuel distillates an inertness to metals so as to prevent discoloration or contamination of the fuel, the surface of the metal contacted by the fuel being made passive at the same time to corrosion by impurities in the fuel.

The type of agent utilized for the purpose of this invention is characterized by ammonium derivatives of alkyl phenol-formaldehyde-hydrogen halide condensation products. These compounds are obtained with satisfactory oil-solubility and effectiveness for the objects of this invention by condensing an alkyl phenol with formaldehyde in the presence of a hydrogen halide acid, then reacting the resulting phenolic condensation product with liquid ammonia or an equivalent strong base, e. g., an amino compound, an organic nitrogen base, or other organic bases, which may contain other metalloids, such as phosphorus. Liquid ammonia is the highly preferred base reactant. Next in order of importance come the aliphatic amines and aromatic amines, primary, secondary, and tertiary.

A very important factor in the preparation and use of these agents is that their efiectiveness and oil-solubility increases with the length of the alkyl substituent in the phenol nucleus.

Even though the initial phenolic compound contains a long alkyl or aliphatic substituent group, which in ordinary types of reaction lowers the reactivity of the phenolic compounds, the reaction for preparing the desired agent goes with great ease. The complete reaction may be considered as involving two stages: first, a substitution of a halogenated aliphatic radical in the phenolic compound; and second, a splitting out of the halogen by condensation of the substituted phenolic compound with the base. Very little halogen, and preferably none, is left in the final product. The preparation of the preferred agents is illustrated by the following:

Procedure Into a solution of 18 parts by weight of paraformaldehyde and parts by weight of strong hydrochloric acid, hydrogen chloride gas was introduced until the solution was saturated. ,To this mixture, 41 parts by weight of para-isooctyl phenol (para tetramethylbutyl phenol) in benzol solution (50% by weight) were added in the course of one half hour, while stirring well, the temperature increasing from about 15 C. to

50 C. The stirring was continued at 50 C. for 

